منابع مشابه
Solid water phantom heat conduction: Heating and cooling rates
Solid water is often the phantom material of choice for dosimetry procedures in radiotherapy high-energy X-ray and electron beam radiation calibration and quality assurance. This note investigates variation in heat conduction that can occur for a common commercially available solid water stack phantom when a temperature differential occurs between the phantom and ambient temperature. These vari...
متن کاملCooling rate, heating rate, and aging effects in glassy water.
We report a molecular dynamics simulation study of the properties of the potential energy landscape sampled by a system of water molecules during the process of generating a glass by cooling, and during the process of regenerating the equilibrium liquid by heating the glass. We study the dependence of these processes on the cooling/heating rates as well as on the role of aging (the time elapsed...
متن کاملCooling and heating of crystalline ion beams
The crystallization of ion beams has recently been established in the rf quadrupole storage ring PALLAS (PAul Laser CooLing Acceleration System) for laser-cooled 24Mg+ ion beams at an energy of about 1 eV. Yet, unexpectedly sharp constraints had to be met concerning the confinement strength and the longitudinal laser cooling rate. In this paper, related and up to now unseen heating mechanisms a...
متن کاملCooling and Heating of Crystalline Ion Beams
U S hramm z, T S hatz x, M Bussmann, D Habs Sektion Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit at M un hen, D-85748 Gar hing, Germany E-mail: ulri h.s hramm physik.uni-muen hen.de Abstra t. The rystallization of ion beams has re ently been established in the rf quadrupole storage ring Pallas for laserooled 24Mg+ ion beams at an energy of about 1 eV. Yet, unexpe tedly sharp onstraints had to be met...
متن کاملHeating and Cooling of the FASSST Spectrometer
Being able to heat and cool the absorption cell of a spectrometer has many benefits. Cooling simplifies the spectrum of the gas in the cell by freezing out rotational and vibrational motion of the gas molecules, while heating increases the population of the excited ro-vibrational states. We designed and prototyped a heating and cooling system for the absorption cell of the FASSST spectrometer [...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Monthly Weather Review
سال: 1928
ISSN: 0027-0644,1520-0493
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1928)56<398:hacows>2.0.co;2